Highway Code
Learn All 307 Highway Codes
The Highway Code is essential reading for all road users in the UK. This page provides a complete guide to rules and regulations covering breakdowns, incidents, road works, level crossings, tramways, and more. Learn how to drive safely, navigate high-speed roads, and respond correctly to emergencies. Stay updated, avoid penalties, and ensure your safety and the safety of others on the road
📘 Introduction
This Highway Code applies to England, Scotland and Wales. The Highway Code is essential reading for everyone.
The aim of The Highway Code is to promote safety on the road, whilst also supporting a healthy, sustainable and efficient transport system.
Many of the rules in the Code are legal requirements. Disobeying these rules may result in fines, penalty points, disqualification, or imprisonment. Such rules use the words MUST / MUST NOT and include an abbreviated reference to the legislation.
Although other rules are advisory (using 'should / should not' or 'do / do not'), The Highway Code may be used in evidence in court to establish liability.
Understanding and following the rules significantly reduces road casualties. Everyone shares responsibility for road safety. Further guidance is available in the official DVSA guides for driving and riding.
Rule H1: All road users must be aware of the Highway Code, be considerate to others, and understand their responsibility for safety. Drivers of large vehicles bear the greatest responsibility to reduce danger.
Cyclists, horse riders, and horse-drawn vehicle drivers must also take care. All users, including pedestrians, should consider their own and others’ safety.
Rule H2: Drivers, motorcyclists, horse riders, and cyclists should give way to pedestrians at zebra or parallel crossings, and pedestrians have priority when crossing. Cyclists must give way to horse riders on bridleways and to pedestrians on shared-use tracks.
Laws: Traffic Signs Regulations 2016: Schedule 14 Part 1 & 5, Highway Act 1835: Section 72, Roads (Scotland) Act 1984: Section 129, Countryside Act 1968: Section 1 Part 30
Rule H3: Drivers and motorcyclists should not cut across cyclists, horse riders, or horse-drawn vehicles when turning or changing lanes. Wait for a safe gap and ensure they can pass the junction safely.
🚶 Rules for Pedestrians (rules 1 to 35)
Pavements and footways (including any path along the side of a road) should be used if provided. Where possible, avoid being next to the kerb with your back to the traffic. If you have to step into the road, look both ways first. Always remain aware of your environment and avoid unnecessary distractions. Always show due care and consideration for others.
If there is no pavement, keep to the right-hand side of the road so that you can see oncoming traffic. You should take extra care and be prepared to walk in single file, especially on narrow roads or in poor light. Keep close to the side of the road. It may be safer to cross the road well before a sharp right-hand bend so that oncoming traffic has a better chance of seeing you. Cross back after the bend.
Help other road users to see you. Wear or carry something light-coloured, bright or fluorescent in poor daylight conditions. When it is dark, use reflective materials (eg armbands, sashes, waistcoats, jackets, footwear), which can be seen by drivers using headlights up to three times as far away as non-reflective materials.
Young children should not be out alone on the pavement or road. When taking children out, keep between them and the traffic and hold their hands firmly. Strap very young children into push-chairs or use reins. When pushing a young child in a buggy, do not push the buggy into the road when checking to see if it is clear to cross, particularly from between parked vehicles.
Organised walks or parades involving large groups of people walking along a road should use a pavement if available; if one is not, they should keep to the left. Look-outs should be positioned at the front and back of the group, and they should wear fluorescent clothes in daylight and reflective clothes in the dark. People on the outside of large groups should also carry lights and wear reflective clothing.
Pedestrians MUST NOT be on motorways or slip roads except in an emergency.
Law: Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984: Section 17, The Motorways Traffic (England and Wales) Regulations 1982: Regulations 15(1)(b), The Motorways Traffic (Scotland) Regulations 1995: Regulations 13
The Green Cross Code: Children should be taught the Code and should not be allowed out alone until they can understand and use it properly. Find a safe place to cross. Where there is a crossing nearby, use it. Avoid crossing between parked cars, on a blind bend, or close to the brow of a hill. Do not cross diagonally. Look and listen for traffic.
At a junction: When crossing or waiting to cross the road, other traffic should give way. Look out for traffic turning into the road, especially from behind you. If you have started crossing, traffic wants to turn into the road, you have priority and they should give way.
Pedestrian Safety Barriers: Cross the road only at the gaps provided. Do not climb over the barriers or walk between them and the road.
Tactile paving: Raised surfaces that can be felt underfoot provide warning and guidance to blind or partially sighted people. The most common surfaces are a series of raised studs at crossings or rounded raised bars at level crossings, steps, and other hazards.
One-way streets: Check which way the traffic is moving. Do not cross until it is safe to do so without stopping. Bus and cycle lanes may operate in the opposite direction to the rest of the traffic.
Bus and cycle lanes: Take care when crossing these lanes as traffic may be moving faster than in other lanes, or against the flow of traffic.
Routes shared with cyclists: Cycle tracks may run alongside footpaths or pavements and be separated by features like verges, kerbs, or white lines. Short lengths of tactile paving may help visually impaired people. Cyclists should respect your safety, but remain aware of your environment.
Parked vehicles: If you have to cross between parked vehicles, use the outside edges as if they were the kerb. Stop and make sure traffic can see you. Never cross in front of or behind a vehicle with its engine running, especially large vehicles.
Reversing vehicles: Never cross behind a vehicle which is reversing, showing white reversing lights or sounding a warning.
Moving vehicles: You MUST NOT get onto or hold onto a moving vehicle.
Law: Road Traffic Act 1988, Section 26
At night: Wear something reflective to make it easier for others to see you. If there is no pedestrian crossing nearby, cross near a street light.
At all crossings: Always check that traffic has stopped before you start to cross. Push prams only on the crossing. Cross between studs or over zebra markings. Do not cross at the side or on zig-zag lines. You MUST NOT loiter on any crossing.
Law: The Zebra, Pelican and Puffin Pedestrian Crossings Regulations and General Directions 1997: Regulation 19; Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984: Section 25(5)
Zebra crossings: Give traffic plenty of time to see you and to stop before crossing. Wait until traffic has stopped or the road is clear. Drivers MUST give way to pedestrians on a zebra crossing. Keep looking both ways for vehicles trying to overtake.
Law: Traffic Signs Regulations and General Directions 2016: Schedule 14 Part 5
Zebra crossings with a central island: Wait on the island and follow Rule 19 before crossing the second half. Each half is treated as a separate crossing.
At traffic lights: Start crossing only when the green figure shows. If you have started and the green figure goes out, you should still have time to reach the other side. If no pedestrian signals, wait for red traffic lights and check for turning vehicles.
Pelican crossings: Operated by pedestrians via a push-button. Do not cross when red figure shows. When steady green figure shows, check traffic and cross with care. Do not start when green begins to flash.
Puffin crossings: Red and green figures are above the control box. There is no flashing green phase. Press the button and wait for green figure.
When road is congested, traffic on your side may stop even if lights are green. Press the button and wait for the signal to cross safely.
Toucan crossings: Light-controlled crossings for cyclists and pedestrians. Push-button operated. Both see green signal together. Cyclists may ride across.
Some crossings provide bleeping or voice signals for blind or partially sighted people. Tactile signals may help deafblind people know when green figure shows.
Equestrian crossings: For horse riders. Have wider crossing spaces, pavement barriers, and horse figures in light panels. May have higher control panels for riders.
Staggered crossings: When crossings on each side of the central refuge are not in line, they are two separate crossings. Press the button again on the island and wait for green figure.
Crossings controlled by authorised person: Only cross if signalled by a police officer, traffic warden, or school crossing patrol. Always cross in front of them.
Where no controlled crossing points: Cross where there is an island. Use Green Cross Code to cross to the island, then stop and cross the second half.
Emergency vehicles: If an ambulance, fire engine, police or other emergency vehicle approaches with flashing lights or sirens, keep off the road.
Buses: Get on/off a bus only when it has stopped. Watch for cyclists. Never cross directly behind or in front of a bus. Wait until it has moved off.
Tramways: May run through pedestrian areas. Path marked by shallow kerbs, paving changes, white lines or yellow dots. Cross at designated crossings. Do not walk along the track.
Railway level crossings: You MUST NOT cross when red lights show or barriers are lowering. If no lights/alarms/barriers, stop, look both ways, and listen. Tactile surfaces warn visually impaired people.
Law: Traffic Signs Regulations and General Directions 2002: Regulation 52
Street and pavement repairs: A pavement may be temporarily closed if unsafe. Take extra care if directed to walk in or cross the road.
🦽 Rules for Users of Powered Wheelchairs and Mobility Scooters (Rules 36 to 46)
There is one class of manual wheelchair (Class 1) and two classes of powered wheelchairs and mobility scooters. Class 2 vehicles have a speed limit of 4 mph (6 km/h) and are designed for pavements. Class 3 vehicles have a speed limit of 8 mph (12 km/h) and can be used on both roads and pavements.
On the road, follow the guidance and rules for other vehicles. On the pavement, follow the guidance and rules for pedestrians.
Pavements are safer than roads and should be used when available. Give pedestrians priority and show consideration for others, especially those with hearing or visual impairments.
Powered wheelchairs and scooters MUST NOT exceed 4 mph (6 km/h) on pavements or pedestrian areas. Adjust speed for other users or narrow pavements.
Law: The Use of Invalid Carriages on Highways Regulations 1988: Regulation 4
Take care when moving from pavement to road. Always check it’s safe to join traffic. Use dropped kerbs where possible, and approach kerbs at right angles, following manufacturer’s recommendations.
Take care when travelling on the road as your vehicle may be slower than other traffic (up to 8 mph / 12 km/h) and less visible.
Class 3 vehicles should travel in the direction of traffic. Class 2 users should always use pavements when available. Use caution where pavements are not available. At night, always travel in the direction of traffic and use lights.
Law: The Use of Invalid Carriages on Highways Regulations 1988: Regulation 9
Follow rules for lights, indicators, and horns if your vehicle is fitted with them. Lights MUST be used at night. Make yourself visible during the day, at dusk, or in poor light by wearing reflective clothing or strips.
Law: The Use of Invalid Carriages on Highways Regulations 1988: Regulation 9
Take extra care at junctions. Check for vehicles from all directions. Consider alternatives for right turns or roundabouts, including travelling on the pavement if safer. Switch to lower speed when on pavements.
Observe all normal parking restrictions. Do not leave vehicles unattended if causing obstruction, especially to other pedestrians. Blue Badge parking concessions apply if displaying a valid badge.
These vehicles MUST NOT be used on motorways. Avoid dual carriageways over 50 mph unless equipped with a flashing amber beacon. Use a flashing amber beacon on all other dual carriageways.
Law: Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984: Section 17(2) & (3), Road Vehicles Lighting Regulations 1989: Regulations 17(1) & 26
🐴 Rules About Animals (Rules 47 to 58)
Horse-drawn vehicles on the highway should be operated and maintained according to the Department for Transport’s Code of Practice for Horse-Drawn Vehicles. This includes a road driving assessment and safety checks for carriages.
Safety equipment and clothing: All horse-drawn vehicles should have two red rear reflectors. Night driving is safer avoided, but if necessary, a white front and red rear light MUST be fitted.
Law: Road Vehicles Lighting Regulations 1989: Regulation 4
Children under 14 MUST wear a helmet which complies with regulations and be fastened securely. Other riders should also follow these requirements. Sikh children wearing a turban are exempt.
Laws: Horses (Protective Headgear for Young Riders) Act 1990: Section 1, Horses (Protective Headgear for Young Riders) Regulations 1992: Regulation 3
Other clothing:
- Boots or shoes with hard soles and heels
- Light-coloured or fluorescent clothing in daylight
- Reflective clothing at night or in poor visibility
Rule 50: Help yourself to be seen
Night riding: Avoid riding at night or in poor visibility. If necessary, wear reflective clothing and ensure your horse has reflective bands above fetlock joints. Use lights on rider and horse as described for visibility.
Before riding, ensure all tack fits and is in good condition, and that you can control the horse. Inexperienced riders should consider the Ride Safe Award. Always ride with calm horses and never ride without both saddle and bridle.
Before riding off or turning, look behind and give a clear arm signal. While riding: keep left, hands on reins, feet in stirrups, do not carry others or items affecting balance, lead horses on left, move with traffic flow, ride two abreast only when safe.
You MUST NOT ride a horse on a footpath or cycle track. Use bridleways where possible. Use equestrian crossings where available and dismount at level crossings with signs.
Laws: Highway Act 1835: Section 72, Roads (Scotland) Act 1984: Section 129(5)
Avoid roundabouts where possible. If using, keep left, watch for vehicles crossing, signal right when crossing exits, signal left before leaving the roundabout.
Keep dogs on a short lead on pavements, roads, or paths shared with cyclists or horse riders. Do not let dogs roam alone on the road.
In vehicles, animals must be restrained so they cannot distract the driver or injure themselves. Use seat belt harnesses, carriers, cages, or dog guards.
Keep animals under control. Send someone ahead to warn road users, especially at bends or hills. Avoid moving animals after dark, but if necessary, use reflective clothing and lights (white front, red rear).
🚴 Rules for Cyclists (Rules 59 to 82)
Avoid clothes that may get tangled in the chain or wheels or obscure your lights. Wear light-coloured or fluorescent clothing in daylight and reflective clothing at night. Always wear a correctly fitted cycle helmet.
Rule 59: Help yourself to be seen
At night, your cycle MUST have white front and red rear lights lit. Red rear reflector and amber pedal reflectors (if manufactured after 1/10/85) are required. White front and spoke reflectors also help visibility. Flashing lights are permitted but steady lights are recommended in areas without street lighting.
Law: Road Vehicles Lighting Regulations 1989: Regulations 13, 18 & 24
Use cycle lanes, tracks, advanced stop lines, and toucan crossings where they make your journey safer. Cyclists may exercise judgement and are not obliged to use them.
Keep to the side intended for cyclists. On shared tracks, take care passing pedestrians, especially children, older or disabled people. Slow down and stop if necessary.
Law: Highway Act 1835: Section 72
Take care when passing pedestrians, horse riders or horse-drawn vehicles. Slow down, make your presence known by bell or voice, and do not pass too closely. Horses can be startled if passed without warning.
You MUST NOT cycle on a pavement.
Laws: Highway Act 1835: Section 72, Roads (Scotland) Act 1984: Section 129
Most bus lanes may be used by cyclists. Watch for people getting on or off buses. Be careful when overtaking buses or leaving bus lanes.
- Avoid actions that reduce control of your cycle
- Be considerate when riding in groups; ride two abreast if safer
- Do not ride close behind vehicles
- Do not carry anything affecting balance
- Be considerate to blind/partially sighted pedestrians and horse riders; alert them if necessary
Look all around before moving, overtaking, or turning. Avoid obstructions, pass parked cars safely, watch traffic behind, signal clearly, take care near humps and narrowings, and pass large vehicles with caution.
You MUST NOT carry a passenger unless the cycle is adapted, hold onto moving vehicles, ride dangerously, or ride under the influence of alcohol, drugs, or medicines.
Law: Road Traffic Act 1988: Sections 24, 26, 28, 29 & 30 as amended by Road Traffic Act 1991
You MUST obey all traffic signs and signals.
Laws: Road Traffic Act 1988: Section 36; Traffic Signs Regulations & General Directions 2016
Park in a conspicuous location, use cycle stands where possible, do not obstruct others, and secure your cycle to prevent it falling.
At traffic lights, you MUST NOT cross the stop line when red. Advanced stop lines may allow positioning ahead of traffic, but do not cross final stop line.
Laws: Road Traffic Act 1988: Section 36; Traffic Signs Regulations & General Directions 2002: Regulations 10 & 36(1)
Adopt two basic positions depending on situation:
- Centre of lane on quiet roads, slower traffic, or approaching junctions/road narrowings to be visible and prevent unsafe overtaking.
- On busy roads, allow overtaking when safe, keeping 0.5m or more from kerb edge.
Use special cycle facilities at junctions if available. Without separate facilities, proceed as a motor vehicle would. Centre yourself in lane if safe, otherwise dismount and wheel across junction.
For left turns, watch for vehicles and other cyclists, signal clearly, do not ride inside turning vehicles. For right turns, check traffic, signal, move to centre, and wait for a safe gap. Alternatively, dismount and push across if safer.
Some signal-controlled junctions allow right turns in two stages: go straight to marked location, stop, wait for green, then complete turn.
You have priority over turning traffic unless signs indicate otherwise. Check safety, especially near slow-moving vehicles and junctions. Exercise caution near lorries and long vehicles.
When crossing faster or busy roads, it may be safer to dismount, wait for safe gaps, and use traffic islands or central reservations where possible.
For roundabouts without cycle facilities, watch vehicles crossing your path; drivers may not see you easily.
Turning right: use left or right lanes, centre yourself if safe, signal right. Alternatively, walk cycle around pavement/verge. Use cycle facilities if available.
Give plenty of room to long vehicles on roundabouts; wait if necessary.
Do not ride across equestrian or pelican, puffin, or zebra crossings. Dismount and wheel your cycle.
Toucan crossings allow cyclists and pedestrians to cross together when green. Cycle-only crossings may link opposite tracks. Stop for pedestrians and wait for green cycle symbol.
Law: Traffic Signs Regulations & General Directions 2002: Schedule 14 Part 1
🏍️ Rules for Motorcyclists (Rules 83 to 88)
On all journeys, the rider and pillion passenger MUST wear a protective helmet, except for followers of Sikh religion wearing a turban. Helmets must comply with regulations and be securely fastened. Check that your helmet visor is clean and in good condition before each journey.
Laws: Road Traffic Act 1988: Sections 16 & 17; The Motor Cycles (Protective Helmets) Regulations 1998 as amended Regulation 4
It is advisable to wear eye protectors (complying with regulations). Scratched or poorly fitting eye protectors can limit vision. Consider ear protection, strong boots, gloves, and suitable clothing to help protect you in a collision.
Laws: Road Traffic Act 1988: Section 18; The Motor Cycles (Eye Protectors) Regulations 1999 as amended Regulation 4
You MUST NOT carry more than one pillion passenger. Passengers must sit astride a proper seat, face forward, and keep both feet on footrests. Provisional licence holders MUST NOT carry a pillion passenger. Only carry a passenger if the motorcycle is designed for one.
Laws: Road Traffic Act 1988: Section 23; The Motor Vehicles (Driving Licences) Regulations 1999: Regulation 16(6); Road Vehicles (Construction and Use) Regulations 1986: Regulation 102
Make yourself visible from the side as well as front and rear. Wear light or brightly coloured helmets, fluorescent clothing or strips. Use dipped headlights even in daylight. Remember that other drivers may still misjudge your distance or speed, especially at junctions.
Rule 86: Help yourself to be seen
Wear reflective clothing or strips to improve visibility in the dark. Reflective gear makes you visible from further away when illuminated by vehicle lights. Follow Rules 113–116 for lighting requirements.
Be aware of vehicles behind and to the sides before manoeuvring. Use mirrors if fitted. Watch for pedestrians between vehicles and vehicles changing lanes. Position yourself so drivers ahead can see you. When filtering in slow-moving traffic, keep speed low.
Remember: Observation – Signal – Manoeuvre
🚗 Rules for Drivers and Motorcyclists (Rules 89 to 102)
You MUST ensure your vehicle and trailer comply with the full requirements of the Road Vehicles (Construction and Use) Regulations and Road Vehicles Lighting Regulations.
Make sure that you are fit to drive. You MUST report to the DVLA any health condition likely to affect your driving.
Law: Road Traffic Act 1988: Section 94
- Do not begin a journey if tired. Get a good night’s sleep before long journeys.
- Avoid long journeys between midnight and 6 am.
- Take a minimum 15-minute break after every 2 hours of driving.
- If sleepy, stop in a safe place—not on the hard shoulder.
- Caffeine and short naps can help counter sleepiness.
You MUST be able to read a number plate from 20 metres in good daylight. Wear glasses or contact lenses if required.
Laws: Road Traffic Act 1988: Section 96; Motor Vehicles (Driving Licences) Regulations 1999: Regulation 40 & Schedule 8
Slow down, and if necessary stop, if you are dazzled by bright sunlight.
Do not use tinted glasses, lenses or visors if they restrict your vision.
- England & Wales: Breath ≤35 µg/100ml, Blood ≤80 mg/100ml
- Scotland: Breath ≤22 µg/100ml, Blood ≤50 mg/100ml
Alcohol reduces coordination, slows reactions, and impairs judgement. Best solution: do not drink when planning to drive.
Laws: Road Traffic Act 1988: Sections 4, 5 & 11(2); Road Traffic Act 1988 (Prescribed Limit) (Scotland) Regulations 2014
Do NOT drive under the influence of illegal drugs or medicines that may impair your ability. Check with your doctor or pharmacist for safety advice.
Law: Road Traffic Act 1988: Sections 4 & 5
- Plan route and allow sufficient time.
- Ensure clothing and footwear allow correct use of controls.
- Know all vehicle controls before using them.
- Adjust mirrors, seat, and head restraints properly.
- Check fuel and roadworthiness.
- Switch off mobile phone.
- Do not tow more than your licence permits.
- Do not overload vehicle or trailer.
- Secure loads safely; prevent objects from sticking out dangerously.
- Distribute weight properly; do not exceed tow ball limits.
- Adjust headlights if towing or carrying a heavy load.
Laws: Road Vehicles (Construction and Use) Regulations 1986: Regulation 100; Motor Vehicles (Driving Licences) Regulations 1999: Regulation 43
You MUST wear a seat belt if fitted. Adults and children aged 14+ must use seat belts or child restraints in minibuses, buses, and coaches.
Laws: Road Traffic Act 1988: Sections 14 & 15; Motor Vehicles (Wearing of Seat Belts) Regulations 1993
Children under 14 must wear seat belts or approved child restraints. If under 1.35 metres, use a baby/child seat or booster as per manufacturer instructions.
Laws: Road Traffic Act 1988: Sections 14 & 15; Motor Vehicles (Wearing of Seat Belts) Regulations 1993
A rear-facing baby seat MUST NOT be fitted in a seat with an active frontal airbag.
Laws: Road Traffic Act 1988: Sections 14 & 15; Motor Vehicles (Wearing of Seat Belts by Children in Front Seats) Regulations 1993
- Children should enter/exit from the kerb side.
- Child restraints fitted correctly.
- No sitting behind rear seats unless a special seat is fitted.
- Use child safety locks where available.
- Keep children under control at all times.
🛡️General rules, techniques and advice for all drivers and riders (rules 103 to 158)
Adjust your seat so you can reach all controls comfortably and have a clear view of the road.
- Check and adjust all mirrors before driving.
- Use mirrors frequently to monitor traffic around you.
Use the horn only to alert others to your presence, not to show anger.
Law: Road Traffic Act 1988: Section 28
- Use lights in poor visibility, at night, or when legally required.
- Signal in plenty of time for turns and lane changes.
Laws: Road Vehicles Lighting Regulations 1989
- Do not stop where you would cause danger or obstruction.
- Use parking brakes when parking on slopes.
In an emergency, park safely, switch on hazard lights, and warn others of danger.
Always obey traffic signs and signals. They are there for your safety and legal compliance.
- Observe speed limits at all times.
- Adjust speed according to road, weather, and traffic conditions.
Law: Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984
- Give way to pedestrians at crossings.
- Do not overtake stopped vehicles at crossings.
Give cyclists plenty of space. Pass slowly and only when safe.
- Keep left unless overtaking.
- Do not reverse or make U-turns.
- Observe speed limits and lane discipline.
Use emergency areas only for breakdowns. Switch on hazard lights and follow motorway procedures.
- Always wear a helmet and protective clothing.
- Use lights at all times.
- Be visible and maintain safe distance.
- Overtake only when safe and legal.
- Signal early and return to left lane safely.
- Never overtake on the left except in traffic jams.
Maintain safe distance from the vehicle ahead. Wet, icy, or foggy conditions require longer distances.
- Give way to traffic from the right unless directed otherwise.
- Signal when exiting the roundabout.
Approach slowly and give way as indicated by signs, signals, and road markings.
Do not drive against traffic. Check signs before entering.
Obey all traffic light signals. Do not move until green, even if road looks clear.
Always give way to pedestrians at crossings. Be extra careful near schools and playgrounds.
Give extra space. Avoid sudden maneuvers. Check mirrors and blind spots before turning.
- Keep in the correct lane for your direction.
- Do not weave between lanes unnecessarily.
Plan your exit early. Signal and move to the exit lane in good time.
- Scan ahead for potential hazards.
- Adjust speed and position to avoid danger.
Drive slower in rain, snow, fog, or ice. Increase distance and use lights.
Brake smoothly. Avoid sudden stops unless necessary.
- Use dipped headlights in traffic.
- Ensure all lights work and are clean.
- Slow down in dark or unlit areas.
Ease off accelerator and steer gently. Avoid sudden braking.
Always check blind spots before changing lanes or turning.
Use indicators to show intended exit from a roundabout.
- Use handbrake.
- Turn wheels towards curb when downhill.
- Turn wheels away from curb when uphill.
Switch off engine if stationary for long periods to reduce emissions.
Use hazard lights only in emergencies or when stationary in a dangerous place.
Give them sufficient room and avoid sudden movements.
Motorcyclists may filter between slow-moving traffic. Drivers must check mirrors and blind spots.
Slow down or stop if animals are crossing. Follow road signs for animal warnings.
Drive slowly, be vigilant, and follow crossing guards’ instructions.
Give way to emergency vehicles using lights or sirens. Do not block junctions.
- Obey temporary signs and signals.
- Reduce speed and follow lane instructions.
Be alert to debris, potholes, or broken-down vehicles. Adjust speed and position.
Give space to lorries and buses. Be aware of their longer stopping distances and wide turns.
Keep left unless overtaking. Return to left lane promptly after overtaking.
Pass slowly and only when safe. Avoid lingering alongside.
Ensure brake lights are working. Flash hazard lights if you stop unexpectedly.
Reduce speed when entering. Watch for cyclists and vehicles already in the roundabout.
Wear bright clothing. Keep headlights on even during the day.
Take regular breaks on long journeys. Avoid driving when tired or after sedating medication.
Do not use a hand-held mobile phone while driving. Use hands-free only when safe.
Law: Road Traffic Act 1988: Section 3; Mobile Telephones Regulations
- Check tow bar limits and vehicle manual.
- Ensure trailer lights and brakes work properly.
Pass only when safe. Do not cut across their path when turning.
Give way at crossings. Be prepared to stop if hearing-aid or guide dog signals are seen.
Leave at least 1.5 metres when overtaking in normal conditions.
Never drive aggressively, tailgate, or use the horn unnecessarily. It’s unsafe and illegal.
Use ABS correctly. Steer to safety rather than braking hard if skidding is likely.
Do not park where prohibited by signs, yellow lines, or obstruction of traffic.
- Drive defensively and anticipate other road users’ actions.
- Always wear seat belts.
- Follow the Highway Code at all times for safety and legal compliance.
🛡️Using the road (rules 159 to 203)
Use acceleration lane to match traffic speed. Merge safely, check mirrors and blind spots.
- Keep left unless overtaking.
- Change lanes only when necessary and safe.
Stop only in emergencies. Use hard shoulder and hazard lights. Keep passengers safe behind barriers.
Move to hard shoulder, switch on hazard lights, and call for assistance.
- Follow lane signs for exits.
- Adjust speed for merging traffic.
Observe electronic signs and adjust speed gradually. Maintain safe distance.
Do not enter lane with a red X. Merge safely to open lane.
Keep adequate distance. Increase gaps in wet, icy, or foggy conditions.
- Use headlights in poor visibility or at night.
- Avoid dazzling others. Use dipped beam in fog or heavy rain.
Use to warn others when stationary or moving slowly. Switch off when no longer needed.
- Overtake only on the right.
- Keep safe distance. Avoid overtaking multiple vehicles at once.
Give way to traffic from the right. Signal when exiting.
Approach slowly and follow road signs, signals, and markings.
Do not drive against traffic. Observe signs before entering.
Obey all traffic light signals. Do not move until green.
Give way at crossings. Be extra careful near schools and playgrounds.
Give extra space. Avoid sudden maneuvers. Check mirrors and blind spots before turning.
- Keep in correct lane.
- Avoid weaving between lanes unnecessarily.
Plan exit early. Signal and move safely to exit lane.
- Scan ahead for hazards.
- Adjust speed and position to avoid danger.
Drive slower in rain, snow, fog, or ice. Increase distance and use lights.
Brake smoothly. Avoid sudden stops unless necessary.
- Use dipped headlights in traffic.
- Ensure all lights are clean and functioning.
- Reduce speed in dark or unlit areas.
Ease off the accelerator and steer gently. Avoid sudden braking.
Always check mirrors and blind spots before changing lanes or turning.
Always indicate your exit from roundabouts using indicators.
- Use handbrake.
- Turn wheels towards curb when going downhill.
- Turn wheels away from curb when going uphill.
Switch off engine when stationary for long periods to reduce emissions.
Use hazard lights only in emergencies or when stationary in a dangerous place.
Give cyclists enough room and avoid sudden movements.
Motorcyclists may filter through slow-moving traffic. Drivers must check mirrors and blind spots.
Slow down or stop if animals are crossing. Follow road warning signs.
Drive slowly, stay alert, and follow crossing guards’ instructions.
Give way to vehicles using lights or sirens. Avoid blocking junctions.
- Obey temporary signs and signals.
- Reduce speed and follow lane instructions.
Watch for debris, potholes, or broken-down vehicles. Adjust speed and lane position.
Give lorries and buses enough space. They have longer stopping distances and wide turns.
Keep left unless overtaking. Return to left lane after overtaking.
Pass slowly and only when safe. Avoid lingering beside large vehicles.
Ensure brake lights work. Flash hazard lights if stopping unexpectedly.
Reduce speed when entering. Watch for cyclists and vehicles already in the roundabout.
Wear bright clothing and keep headlights on even during the day.
Take breaks on long journeys. Avoid driving when tired or under sedating medication.
Do not use hand-held phones. Hands-free only when safe.
Law: Road Traffic Act 1988: Section 3; Mobile Telephones Regulations
- Drive defensively and anticipate other road users’ actions.
- Always wear seat belts.
- Follow the Highway Code for safety and legal compliance.
🛡️ Road Users Requiring Extra Care (Rules 204 to 225)
Pedestrians, especially children, older adults and disabled people, cyclists, horse riders and motorcyclists are most at risk. Road users who can cause the greatest harm have the greatest responsibility to reduce danger.
Be aware of pedestrians, especially children, who may step unexpectedly into the road. Drive at a speed suitable for the conditions.
- Drive carefully in crowded streets, Home Zones, Quiet Lanes, and residential areas.
- Watch for pedestrians near bus stops, parked vehicles, ice cream vans, pavements, and road works.
- Give way at zebra and parallel crossings.
- Be alert on narrow rural roads without footways.
- Children and older adults may misjudge speed.
- People with disabilities may need extra time.
- Blind, partially sighted, or deafblind pedestrians require patience and attention.
Drive slowly near schools. Be aware of young cyclists and pedestrians. Watch for flashing amber signals indicating children crossing.
Drive carefully past stationary school buses as children may be boarding or leaving.
You MUST stop when a school crossing patrol shows a ‘Stop for children’ sign.
Law: Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984: Section 28
Look carefully for motorcyclists and cyclists when emerging, turning, or changing lanes. They may approach faster than expected.
Give motorcyclists, cyclists, horse riders, horse-drawn vehicles and pedestrians at least as much space as you would when overtaking a car. Allow extra space in bad weather or at night.
- Cyclists may ride two abreast or in the centre of narrow lanes for visibility and safety.
- Horse riders may also ride in the centre of the lane.
- Give room for sudden changes in direction to avoid obstacles.
Drive slowly, give plenty of room, and be ready to stop. Do not scare animals with horns or sudden acceleration.
Pass slowly and widely (at least 2 metres). Maximum speed near horses: 10 mph. Be patient and alert to rider signals.
Be patient and aware that their reactions may be slower than other drivers.
Exercise patience with learner and new drivers. Look out for ‘new driver’ plates or stickers.
Drive slowly and be prepared to stop. People may be using the whole road for playing or community events.
Look and listen for emergency vehicles. Pull over safely and do not block junctions. Avoid harsh braking near bends or narrow roads.
Maximum speed: 8 mph. On dual carriageways over 50 mph, they must have a flashing amber beacon.
Law: Road Vehicles Lighting Regulations 1989: Regulations 17(1) & 26
Large vehicles need extra space for turning. Be aware of blind spots. Be patient and give way if necessary.
Pull back to improve visibility and planning. Be patient; many large vehicles have speed restrictions.
Give priority when safe. Watch for people getting off and crossing the road.
Be careful with electric vehicles like milk floats and trams. Trams move silently and cannot steer.
Warn of slow-moving or stationary vehicles or abnormal loads. Approach with caution.
Law: Road Vehicles Lighting Regulations 1989: Regulation 17
🌦️ Driving in Adverse Weather Conditions (Rules 226 to 237)
You MUST use headlights when visibility is seriously reduced, generally when you cannot see for more than 100 metres (328 feet). You may also use front or rear fog lights but you MUST switch them off when visibility improves (see Rule 236).
Law: The Road Vehicles Lighting Regulations 1989: Regulations 25 & 27
- Stopping distances at least double those on dry roads.
- Keep well back from the vehicle in front.
- If steering becomes unresponsive, ease off accelerator and slow down gradually.
- Rain and spray reduce visibility and make it harder to be seen.
- Be aware of spilt diesel making surfaces slippery.
- Take extra care around pedestrians, cyclists, motorcyclists, and horse riders.
Check local weather forecasts. Do NOT drive unless essential. If you must, allow more time and carry an emergency kit: de-icer, ice scraper, torch, warm clothing and boots, first aid kit, jump leads, shovel, warm drink, and emergency food.
- Clear all snow and ice from windows to see properly.
- Ensure lights and number plates are clean and visible.
- Demist mirrors and windows thoroughly.
- Remove snow that could fall onto other road users.
- Check your route for delays or further severe weather.
Laws: The Road Vehicles (Construction and Use) Regulations 1986: Regulation 30;
The Road Vehicles Lighting Regulations 1989: Regulation 23;
Vehicle Excise and Registration Act 1994: Section 43;
The Road Vehicles (Display of Registration Marks) Regulations 2001: Regulation 11
- Drive carefully, even on treated roads.
- Keep well back; stopping distances may be ten times longer than on dry roads.
- Take care when overtaking vehicles spreading salt or de-icer.
- Watch out for snowploughs; do not overtake unless lane is cleared.
- Be ready for sudden changes in road conditions; follow travel bulletins and variable message signs.
- Drive slowly in a high gear; accelerate and brake gently.
- Slow down before bends and steer smoothly; avoid sudden actions.
- Check grip by braking gently on a safe stretch; unresponsive steering indicates ice.
High-sided vehicles are most affected by wind, but gusts can also blow cars, cyclists, motorcyclists, or horse riders off course. Be cautious on open roads, bridges, and gaps in hedges.
In strong winds, your vehicle may be affected by turbulence from large vehicles. Motorcyclists are particularly vulnerable; give them extra space.
Check mirrors and slow down before entering fog. Be prepared for sudden thick or patchy fog even if visibility seems good. Follow roadside signals indicating fog.
- Use lights as required (see Rule 226).
- Keep a safe distance behind vehicles; rear lights can give false security.
- Be able to stop within the distance you can see.
- Use windscreen wipers and demisters.
- Be aware that other drivers may not use headlights.
- Do not accelerate to escape vehicles behind.
- Brake gently to warn drivers behind.
- At junctions with limited visibility, stop, listen, and only emerge when safe.
You MUST NOT use front or rear fog lights unless visibility is seriously reduced (see Rule 226). Switch them off when visibility improves to avoid dazzling others.
Law: The Road Vehicles Lighting Regulations 1989: Regulations 25 & 27
- Keep your vehicle ventilated to avoid drowsiness.
- Road surfaces may soften, and rain after dry periods can make surfaces slippery.
- If dazzled by bright sunlight, slow down or stop if necessary.
🅿️ Waiting and Parking (Rules 238 to 252)
You MUST NOT wait or park on yellow lines during the times of operation shown on nearby time plates (or zone entry signs if in a Controlled Parking Zone). Double yellow lines indicate a prohibition of waiting at any time. You MUST NOT wait or park, or stop to set down and pick up passengers, on school entrance markings when upright signs indicate a prohibition of stopping.
Law: Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984: Sections 5 & 8
- Use off-street parking or marked bays whenever possible.
- Do not park facing against traffic flow.
- Stop as close as possible to the side.
- Do not stop too close to a Blue Badge vehicle; occupants may need more space.
- Switch off engine, headlights, and fog lights.
- Apply the handbrake before leaving.
- Check surroundings and mirrors before opening doors; safer for passengers to exit next to the kerb.
- Use hand on opposite side to open doors to check for passing cyclists or motorcyclists.
- Lock vehicle and secure valuables.
- When using a hand-held parking device, remain in control at all times.
- When using an electric vehicle charge point, park close, avoid trip hazards, and return cables neatly.
Laws: The Road Vehicles (Construction and Use) Regulations 1986: Regulations 98, 105, 107 & 110; The Road Vehicles Lighting Regulations 1989: Regulation 27 & Road Traffic Act 1988: Section 42
You MUST NOT stop or park on:
- Motorway carriageways or hard shoulders except in emergencies
- Pedestrian crossings, including zig-zag areas
- Clearways and taxi bays
- Urban Clearways during hours, except to pick up/set down passengers
- Double white lines (unless loading/unloading or picking up passengers)
- Tram or cycle lanes during operation
- Cycle tracks
- Red routes unless signs indicate otherwise
Laws: Motorways Traffic Regulations 1982 & 1995; Zebra, Pelican and Puffin Crossing Regulations 1997; Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984: Sections 5, 6 & 8; Road Traffic Act 1988: Sections 21(1) & 36; Traffic Signs Regulations 2002: Regulations 10, 26 & 27
You MUST NOT park in spaces reserved for specific users (Blue Badge holders, residents, motorcycles) unless entitled.
Laws: Chronically Sick and Disabled Persons Act 1970: Section 21; Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984: Sections 5 & 8
You MUST NOT leave your vehicle or trailer in a dangerous position or where it unnecessarily obstructs the road.
Laws: Road Traffic Act 1988: Section 22; Road Vehicles (Construction and Use) Regulations 1986: Regulation 103
- Near a school entrance
- Where it prevents Emergency Services
- At/near bus or tram stops or taxi ranks
- Approach to a level crossing/tramway
- Opposite/within 10 metres of a junction (unless authorised)
- Near hill brow or hump bridge
- Opposite traffic islands or parked vehicles causing obstruction
- Where forcing traffic into tram lane
- Kerb lowered for wheelchairs/powered mobility vehicles
- In front of property entrance
- On a bend
- Obstructing cyclists’ facilities
You MUST NOT park partially or wholly on the pavement in London, and should not elsewhere unless signs allow. Pavement parking obstructs pedestrians, wheelchair users, visually impaired people, or prams/pushchairs.
Law: Greater London Council (General Powers) Act 1974: Section 15
Zone entry signs indicate times of waiting restrictions. Parking may be allowed in some places at other times, or in separately signed/marked bays.
Vehicles over 7.5 tonnes MUST NOT park on verges, pavements, or land between carriageways without police permission, except for essential loading/unloading.
Law: Road Traffic Act 1988: Section 19
Do not load/unload where yellow markings and upright signs restrict it. On red routes, specially marked bays indicate where/when loading/unloading is permitted.
Law: Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984: Sections 5 & 8
You MUST NOT park at night facing against traffic unless in a recognised parking space.
Laws: Road Vehicles (Construction and Use) Regulations 1986: Regulation 101; Road Vehicles Lighting Regulations 1989: Regulation 24
All vehicles MUST display parking lights when parked on roads/lay-bys with speed limit over 30 mph (48 km/h).
Law: Road Vehicles Lighting Regulations 1989: Regulation 24
Cars, goods vehicles ≤ 2500 kg, motorcycles, pedal cycles may park without lights if:
- At least 10 metres from junction, close to kerb, facing traffic
- In a recognised parking place or lay-by
Other vehicles, trailers, or vehicles with projecting loads MUST NOT be left on road at night without lights.
Laws: Road Vehicles Lighting Regulations 1989: Regulation 24; Road Vehicles (Construction and Use) Regulations 1986: Regulation 82(7)
Parking on roads in fog is dangerous. If unavoidable, leave parking lights or sidelights on.
- Park close to kerb and apply handbrake firmly
- Select forward gear and turn wheels away from kerb when facing uphill
- Select reverse gear and turn wheels towards kerb when facing downhill
- Use ‘park’ if vehicle has automatic gearbox
Tip: Turn wheels away from kerb uphill, towards kerb downhill
🛣️ Motorways (Rules 253 to 273)
Motorways MUST NOT be used by pedestrians, holders of provisional licences, riders of motorcycles under 50 cc, cyclists, horse riders, certain slow-moving vehicles, oversized loads (except with special permission), agricultural vehicles, and powered wheelchairs/scooters.
From 4 June 2018, provisional licence holders may drive on the motorway if accompanied by an approved driving instructor in a dual-control car displaying L/D plates.
Laws: Highways Act 1980: Sections 16, 17 & Schedule 4; Motorways Traffic Regulations 1982 & 2004; Roads (Scotland) Act 1984: Sections 7, 8 & Schedule 3; Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984: Sections 17(2)&(3); Motorways Traffic (Scotland) Regulations 1995: Regulation 10
Traffic on motorways usually travels faster, so you have less time to react. Use mirrors earlier and look further ahead than on other roads.
Motorway signals warn of dangers ahead, such as incidents, fog, spillage, or road workers.
Signals on the central reservation apply to all lanes. On busy stretches, signals may be overhead with separate signals per lane.
Amber flashing lights warn of a hazard ahead. They may show temporary speed limits, closed lanes, or messages such as ‘Fog’. Adjust your speed until the ‘All clear’ sign appears.
If red lights flash on a signal with a red “X”, you MUST NOT drive in the lane shown as closed until another signal indicates the lane is open.
Laws: Road Traffic Act 1988: Section 36; Traffic Signs Regulations 2002: Regulation 3 & Schedule 15
- Give priority to traffic already on the motorway.
- Check traffic and match speed to fit safely into the left-hand lane.
- Do not cross solid white lines or use the hard shoulder.
- Stay on slip road if it continues as an extra lane.
- Remain in left-hand lane long enough to adjust before overtaking.
- Drive at a steady, safe cruising speed within speed limits.
- Keep a safe distance from the vehicle in front; increase gap in wet/icy/foggy conditions.
You MUST NOT exceed 70 mph (112 km/h) or the maximum allowed for your vehicle. Lower speed limits must be obeyed. Mandatory motorway signals may vary the limit to improve traffic flow.
Law: Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984: Sections 17, 86, 89 & Schedule 6
The monotony of motorway driving can cause sleepiness. Follow advice in Rule 91 to minimise risk.
You MUST NOT reverse, cross the central reservation, or drive against traffic flow. If you miss your exit, continue to the next exit.
Laws: Motorways Traffic Regulations 1982 & 1995
- Drive in left-hand lane when road ahead is clear.
- Return to left lane after overtaking slower vehicles.
- Slow/restricted vehicles remain in left lane unless overtaking.
- Do NOT drive on hard shoulder except emergencies or as directed.
Laws: Motorways Traffic Regulations 1982 & 1995; Road Traffic Act 1988: Sections 35 & 186
Right-hand lane of motorways with 3+ lanes MUST NOT be used by certain vehicles (trailers, goods vehicles over 3.5t, passenger vehicles >8 passengers) except prescribed circumstances.
Laws: Motorways Traffic Regulations 1982 & 2004; Motorways Traffic (Scotland) Regulations 1995 & Amendment 2004
Look ahead for signals/signs. Change lanes in good time. Only enter lanes leading directly to your desired direction.
- Do not overtake unless safe and legal, only on the right.
- Check mirrors, judge speed, check blind spots.
- Do not cut in; be careful at night or poor visibility.
Do not overtake on the left or weave in/out of lanes. In congested traffic, it is okay to keep up with your lane even if passing traffic on right.
MUST NOT use hard shoulder for overtaking. Under Active Traffic Management (ATM), it may be used as running lane if open. Red cross or blank sign means do NOT drive on it, except emergencies.
Laws: Motorways Traffic Regulations 1982 & 1995
MUST NOT stop on carriageway, hard shoulder, slip road, central reservation, or verge except in an emergency or when directed. Do not stop on hard shoulder to make/receive calls.
Laws: Motorways Traffic Regulations 1982 & 1995; Police Reform Act Section 41; Road Traffic Act 1988: Sections 35 & 163
MUST NOT pick up/set down anyone or walk on motorway, except in an emergency.
Laws: Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984: Section 17; Motorways Traffic Regulations 1982: Regulation 15
- Use slip road on your left unless signs indicate otherwise.
- Watch for exit signs.
- Move into left-hand lane well before exit.
- Signal left and reduce speed on slip road as necessary.
Speed may feel higher than it is on slip roads/link roads. Check speedometer and adjust. Some slip roads have sharp bends; slow down as needed.
🚨 Breakdowns and Incidents (Rules 274 to 287)
- Get your vehicle off the road if possible.
- Warn other traffic using hazard warning lights if causing obstruction.
- Wear light-coloured/fluorescent clothing in daylight; reflective at night or poor visibility.
- Place a warning triangle at least 45 metres behind your vehicle (not on motorways).
- Keep sidelights on if dark or visibility is poor.
- Do not stand between your vehicle and oncoming traffic.
- At night/poor visibility, do not stand where you block others from seeing your lights.
- Leave motorway at next exit or pull into service area if vehicle develops a problem.
- Otherwise, pull onto hard shoulder far left, wheels turned left, near emergency phone.
- Exit vehicle via left-hand door; keep passengers/animals under control.
- Never place a warning triangle on a motorway.
- Do not attempt repairs that put you in danger.
- Walk to emergency phone, face traffic, give full details, return and wait safely near vehicle.
- If at risk from another person, return and lock doors; leave again when safe.
Laws: Motorways Traffic Regulations 1982 & 1995
Before rejoining, build up speed on hard shoulder, watch for safe gaps, and be aware other vehicles may be stationary.
- If unable to reach hard shoulder, do not place warning devices on carriageway.
- Switch on hazard lights.
- Leave vehicle only when safely clear of carriageway.
- Stay in vehicle.
- Switch on hazard warning lights.
- Display ‘Help’ pennant or contact emergency services with location details.
If anything falls from your or another vehicle, stop and retrieve it only if safe.
On motorways, do NOT remove obstruction yourself. Stop at next emergency phone and call for help.
Watch for emergency/incident support vehicles (police/traffic officers). Slow down, follow instructions, and safely pass incidents/blockages.
Law: Road Traffic Act 1988: Sections 35 & 163
When passing incidents, do not be distracted or slow unnecessarily. Avoid causing collisions or congestion.
- Use hazard warning lights.
- Ask drivers to switch off engines and stop smoking.
- Call emergency services immediately with location & casualty details.
- Move uninjured people to safety; do NOT move injured unless immediate danger.
- Do not remove motorcyclist helmet unless essential.
- Be prepared to give first aid; stay at scene until emergency services arrive.
Vehicles carrying dangerous goods are marked with orange reflective plates; tankers with hazard warning plates.
- Switch off engines; DO NOT SMOKE.
- Keep well away; do not try to rescue casualties yourself.
- Call emergency services; provide labels/markings info. Avoid using mobile near flammable loads.
If collision causes damage/injury, you MUST stop, provide your and vehicle owner’s name/address, registration number. If not given immediately, report to police within 24 hours.
Law: Road Traffic Act 1988: Section 170
- If another person is injured and insurance certificate not produced, report to police ASAP, within 24 hours.
- Produce insurance certificate to police within 7 days.
Law: Road Traffic Act 1988: Section 170
🛠️ Road Works, Level Crossings and Tramways (Rules 288 to 307)
- Observe all road works signs – they ensure safety of all.
- Do not exceed temporary maximum speed limits.
- Use mirrors and get into correct lane in good time.
- Do not switch lanes to overtake queuing traffic.
- Take extra care near cyclists and motorcyclists – they are vulnerable to skidding.
- Merge in turn where lanes are restricted (see Rule 134).
- Do not drive through areas marked with traffic cones.
- Focus on road ahead, not activities at the works.
- Keep safe distance from vehicles in front – queues may form.
Law: Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984: Section 16
- Take special care on motorways/dual carriageways.
- Lanes may be closed and lower speed limits may apply.
- Watch for slow/stationary works vehicles with 'Keep Left/Right' signs or flashing arrows.
- Check mirrors, slow down, change lanes if needed.
- Keep safe distance from vehicle in front (see Rule 126).
Contraflow systems may narrow lanes with no permanent barrier. Hard shoulder may be used for traffic; watch for broken-down vehicles. Observe temporary speed limits and maintain safe distance.
Approach and cross railway/tramway lines with care. Never drive onto crossing unless clear, keep distance from car in front, and do not stop/park on or near crossing.
- Do not touch overhead electric lines; obey height warning signs.
- Clearance usually 5m (16’6”) but may be lower.
Laws: Road Traffic Act 1988: Section 36, Traffic Signs Regulations 2002: Regulation 17(5)
- Obey flashing red stop lights and stop behind white line.
- If already past white line when amber shows, continue safely.
- Do not reverse onto/over crossing.
- Wait if another train is coming.
- Only cross when lights go off and barriers open.
Road Traffic Act 1988: Section 36, Traffic Signs Regulations 2002: Regulations 10 & 40
- Large, slow, or long vehicles must use railway telephone if instructed.
- Obtain permission to cross and telephone again when clear if requested.
Road Traffic Act 1988: Section 36, Traffic Signs Regulations 2002: Regulations 10 & 16(1)
Stop and wait at barrier or gate until it opens before crossing.
- Do not cross on red light; cross only on green light.
- Open gates/barriers both sides, check green light, cross quickly, close gates after clearing.
Road Traffic Act 1988: Section 36, Traffic Signs Regulations 2002: Regulations 10 & 52(2)
Stop, look both ways, listen before crossing. Use railway telephone if available and inform operator when clear.
Look both ways, listen, and ensure no train is approaching before crossing. ‘Give Way’ sign applies.
- Clear everyone from crossing immediately.
- Use railway telephone to inform signal operator.
- Move vehicle clear if possible; if alarm/amber light comes on, leave vehicle immediately.
- Do not enter tram-reserved roads or lanes.
- Avoid driving on top of rails and watch tram track exits from carriageway.
- Follow tram lane markings and white/diamond signs; tram signals apply to trams only.
Law: Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984: Sections 5 & 8
Give way to trams, especially on road narrowing or track crossing. Do not race, overtake, or pass inside trams unless designated lane exists.
Do not park where it obstructs trams. Only stop in designated tram bays, ensuring all vehicle parts are clear of tram path.
Law: Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984: Sections 5 & 8
Follow signs/markings at tram platforms. Do not drive between tram and kerb when picking up passengers. Wait until tram moves if no alternative route exists.
Law: Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984: Sections 5 & 8
Look out for pedestrians, especially children, running to catch a tram at stops.
Always give priority to trams signaling to pull away, unless unsafe. Watch for passengers boarding or alighting.
Cyclists and motorcyclists should take extra care near tram tracks, especially wet rails, shallow angles, bends, and junctions. Cross at right angles if possible.
- Ensure sufficient clearance under tram overhead wires (normally 5.8m).
- Lower extending cranes, booms, or variable equipment before passing.
- Observe height clearance markings; contact police/tram operator if in doubt.